| j. and/or w.o. |
Jettison and/or washing overboard. |
| Jason Clause |
A clause appearing in contracts of affreightment where disputes may be subject to American Law. By the Harter Act 1893 the shipowner is not liable for faults in navigation or management provided he has exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy. Nevertheless he could not claim any contribution from the cargo owner for general average expenditure or sacrifice which resulted from faulty navigation or mismanagement. Carriers, therefore, introduced a clause into contracts of affreightment whereby the cargo owners agreed t6o pay such contributions. The case of the vessel “Jason” in 1912 tested the validity of the clause, and the present clause, the “New Jason Clause”, provides that the expenditure or sacrifice must not result from lack of due diligence by the shipowner for the cargo owner to be liable for general average contributions. |
| Jetsam |
Goods jettisoned from a vessel. |
| Jettison |
Casting property overboard to lighten the vessel in time of peril. This could apply to either cargo or part of the ship, but mostly concerns cargo in practice. Where property is so sacrificed in saving a common adventure it will probably be allowed in general average and is then termed ‘general average sacrifice’. |
| Joint Cargo Survey |
When there is some question of carrier’s liability it is often necessary for a surveyor appointed by the cargo owner to co-operate with a surveyor appointed by the carrier in order to carry out a joint survey. |
| Jones Act |
An Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1920 which provided that a seaman injured in the course of his employment as a result of the negligence of the shipowner, master or fellow crew member, could recover damages for his injuries. |
| Jurisdiction |
The limit or extent within which the powers of a legal authority concerned with the administration of justice may be exercised. The MAR policy form, used in the English marine insurance market, specifies that the policy is subject to English jurisdiction. |
