| TITLE |
DESCRIPTION |
| T.B.A. |
“To be advised” or “To be agreed”, as appropriate (e.g. “Vessel to be advised” or “Rate to be agreed”.) |
| T.E.U. |
Twenty foot equivalent unit (used in capacity measurements – container ships and ports). |
| T.P.N.D. or T.P. & N.D. |
Theft, pilferage and non-delivery |
| T.S.I. |
Total sum insured |
| T/S |
Transhipment |
| Taint |
Cargo may become tainted either by being stowed in close proximity to another cargo which is likely to taint it or by the action of damage by seawater or other cause to another cargo which in turn causes such other cargo to taint the insured cargo. |
| Tare |
Weight of a container. This may apply to wrapping, boxes, crates, drums or even wagons. |
| Theft |
An act of stealing property which belongs to another party. Theft is embraced within the ‘all risks’ cover of the ICC (1982) A, but neither the ICC(1982) B nor C cover theft. However, the risk may be added to the B or C clauses, with agreement of the insurer, by incorporating the ‘theft, pilferage and non-delivery clauses’ into the contract. |
| Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery Clause |
This clause, published by he Institute of London Underwriters under reference CI.272 (1/12/82), is for use only with the MAR form of policy and only in conjunction with Institute Cargo Clauses. It extends the cover in the ICC (1982) B or C or the relevant Institute trade clauses, as appropriate, to embrace loss or damage to the insured goods caused by theft, pilferage or by non-delivery of an entire package; always subject to any exclusions incorporated in the insurance (e.g. Strikes, etc). |
| Through Bill of Lading |
A bill of lading which does not cease when the goods are discharged. It attaches as soon as the goods are in transit to the port of loading and continues after discharge until they arrive at he destination inland. Although the carrier usually makes it clear that before loading and after discharge the goods are at the cargo owner’s risk. |
| Time Charterparty |
A contract or agreement whereby the shipowner hires out his ship for a period of time to another person. |
| Tonne |
Metric measurement of weight (1,000kilograms) |
| Tons |
Cubic ton (displacement) |
| Tort |
An action in tort is a legal action arising in the absence of a contract. Claims under the collision case would come in this category. |
| Tortfeasor |
The person against whom an action in tort is brought. The negligent shipowner or manager in a collision case would be a tortfeasor. |
| Total Distribution Cost |
An exporter’s total cost for obtaining or producing the goods, plus the costs of packing, moving, shipping and delivering the goods to the consignee. |
| Total Loss |
Loss of the subject matter insured either as an actual total loss or a constructive total loss resulting in the payment of the total sum insured under the policy. Except where the policy states otherwise (an unlikely event), all marine policies cover total loss; though some policies may exclude partial loss. The term total loss includes a constructive total loss unless the policy specifies otherwise. A total loss claim on a policy that cover partial loss which turns out subsequently to be only a partial loss may still be claimed as a partial loss, even though it was submitted by the assured as a total loss. |
| Tow |
The ship being towed by a tug |
| Towage |
The act of towing a vessel. |
| Trade Clauses |
Sets of cargo clauses which embrace special conditions agreed between insurers and trade associations. |
| Trade Losses |
Losses incurred by cargo without the operation of an insured peril, being losses which are common to a particular trade. Examples would be evaporation of oil or breakage of glass. |
| Tramp |
A vessel not engaged on a regular run. A vessel engaged on a regular run is called a “Liner”. Tramps are mainly engaged in carriage of bulk cargo. Passenger accommodation, if any, is limited in tramps. |
| Transhipment |
Taking goods off one vessel and loading them onto another. Where transhipment is beyond the control of the cargo assured the policy continues under the “transit clause” without additional premium unless the insurer has stipulated an additional premium to be paid in the event of transhipment or the assured was aware of the intended transhipment when the insurance was effected and the insurer was not. If the assured is aware of the intention to tranship he must advise the insurer at the time of affecting the insurance or there is non-disclosure of a material fact, unless transhipment is customary for the particular voyage and should be known already to the insurer. |
| Transhipment Bill of Lading |
See “Through Bill of Lading”. |
| Transit Clause |
All sets of Institute cargo clauses incorporate clauses which specify when cover attaches and terminates. These are under the general heading ‘Duration of Cover’. |
| Trip Charterplay |
An agreement between a shipowner and a charterer, whereby the latter hires the vessel named in the contract on a time charter basis but for a specific voyage. |
| Trip Insurance |
American expression denoting an insurance on a single journey as opposed to a period insurance. |
| Tug and Tow |
The “Tug” is the vessel which is towing. The “Tow” is the vessel which is being towed. The principle of tug and tow are complicated, but basically it may be said that the tug is responsible for the tow. |
| Twenty Four Hours Clause |
A clause attached to a cargo policy, usually on refrigerated goods, where delay is an insured peril and which includes the risk of breakdown of refrigerating or propelling machinery. The effect of the clause is to make claims payable only where the breakdown of machinery lasts for not less than 24 consecutive hours. |
